2
  -2023
..  

(  
)
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.            
2.   , -  -    
-
3.   , ,       
4.            
-
5.         
6.    (1952-53)         
    
2
-
7.          ?    (NPE) 1986
    
 ?
8.             
  -2023
..  

(  
)
:      :100
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.            
:     
-:    
            - ,   ,  
   -,       - , ,    
    
       - , , , 
            
  
      
;  ,       
2
  
""      :
,    "- "  "- "
,    " "  " "
,    "     "
  , 
            
    
  :
1.  :
"        ,    -     
 "
2.   :
"          "
3.   ( ):
"    
;    "
4. :
"           "
 ,        
    , 
       
  
       
     
  

               
            
      :
1.  
         
 : ,     
 :  ,  ,   
2
 :    
 : -,  ,       
 :      
              
    
 
2.  
             , 

 

, -    

     

,      
 ,          
 
    
            
  
3.  
  , , , , ,   -  
    :
        
     
-       
 
,      -       
4.  
          
        
         
2
      
-      
 
      ,  , ,    
       
5.  
    -   
     
       
 
       
-       
 ,          
 
6.    
    ,      :
, ,     
       
       
     
 ,               
7.   
        
      
 : ,    
- :  ,  ,  
- : , ,     
     '   ,      , 
      
2
8.    
     :


  
 

 -     
,     ,
     
9.     
      
    
        
       
      
           
  
 
10.     
  
 :
     
 ,    
   
      
   ,           
2
:   
        
    
   
 ,    ,          ,
  ,       
2.   , -  -    
:    : , -  -
   
            -, 
,    ,  ,  ,      
  
 
     , ,     ' 
   ,     ,       
   : , -  -      
      ,           
     
 
              '
 
1.  
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂   :
         ,    
             
      ' -       , ,
,    (/) 
󷪛󷪜󷪝󷪞󷪟󷪠󷪢󷪡 :
    -    
      
      
     
  -  -  
2
󸟲󷼘󷼙󷼚󷼛󸽠󸽡󸽢󸽣󸽤󸟳󸟴󸟵󸟶󸟷󸟸󸽥󸟹󸟺󸟻󸽦󸽧󸽨󸨐󸨑󷼩󷼪 :
             
   ,           , 
              
     , ,  ,     
     
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 :
            ,
           
2. - 
󷉃󷉄   :
-               
  '    -,   ,      

     
,       
󼨐󼨑󼨒 :
    - 
     
 ,    
 
    
      
󹏡󼐠󼐡󹏢󷺎󷺏󼐚󼐛󼐜󼐝󷺔󷺕󼐢󷺖󼐞󼐟󹔱󹔲󹏧󹏨 :
   ,   ,       
    
,         ,     ,    
      
  ,     
      -  
 ,               
 
,    -   
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 :
-      ,        
             
     
2
3. - 
󷧪󷧫󷧬󷧳󷧭󷧮󷧯󷧰󷧱󷧲   :
-               
             ,    
          
 ,   , 
 ,   
󹳬󹳭󹳮󹳯󹳰󹳳󹳱󹳲 :
        
-,      
            
      ' 
,  ,   ,  
  
󷽰󷽱󸚌󷽲󷽳󷽴󷽵󷽶󸚍󷽷󸚎󸚏󷽸󷽹󸚐󷽺󷽻󸚑󸚒󷽼󷽽󷽾󷽿󷾀󷾁󷾂󷾃󷾄󷾅󷾆󷾇󷾈󷾉󸚓 :
   ,  14         25    ,
                
   ,             

,     -   -  
    ,   ,   , 
    
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬 :
-              
              
   
         
    

 
- 
- 

 
-
  
2

 
- 
- 

  
   
  
  
 

, ,

 ,
, -
 , ,
 



 
 

 
 , 
, 

 , 
 
-  
  , 

   
           
 -    
           :
    ( )   ( ) 
      
    (- ) '     
  
        ( )     -
    (- )
           
  -  
  '  
,    ' ,   '  
  '      
    
  ?
         ,     
    :
1.   : -  -    
           
2
2.  : 
      
 ,  
     
3.    : 21
 ,    '   
     
,  ,      -  
4. :            
   
    -  -  
 

           ,   
 
      '    -          , 
            , - 
   ,  -      
-
3.   , ,       
:   ,      
   
   '    - 
  ,  -
   '  : , ,     
     ,          '    
        ,      ,  
, 
  
 
        -  ,     - 
         
1. :     
  ?
       
   ,  
       , -     
             
    -          ,  
         
  :
2
    :
   
   
   
   
      
:
        ,      , ,
   -  ,     
  :
   
      
,     
        
 -
 :
     
 
( )    , 
(   )  ,     ( )      
      -      
2. :     
  ?
              
         -  -     
            ,  , 
,   ,    
  :
    
     
2
        
   
:
               
-      ,     
  :
-   -
   ' 
         
  '        
      
 :
      
   (  ) 
,

      ,     ,   
 
3. :   - 
  ?
          , -   
        ,     
     , ,        
   
   ,    ,   
  :
     
    
      
   
2
:
     -         
     ,            
  ,       
  :
- 
    
    
  ,  ,       
       
 :
                
               
 -   
     
    





 
 

 

 
  -

   
 

 

  -
 

   
 
      ,       
    :
   -           
     
2
    -      ,    ,   
     '    
    -      ,    
       
    -        ,
      

              
,               
                -
  ,         
       , 
 -    
          , -  
  ,        
      
 ,    
 ,     :   , ,  
      ?
       
4.            
:         
             , -,  
            
   ,
      ,       ,
                
           ,   
   
   ...
                  
       - , ,       
2
    ,          , 
,        ,      - 
, ,        
      
    ,           
 ,           
 ,  
          
                 
    ,      ,   
 ,     
          |
1.    
               - ,
, ,     '
    
 
  
 
   - 
 
     
 
  , -       
    
  ;       
2.  
         ,  ,  
   
        
 
 ,          
  
 ,       -       
2
      
          
     ,           
 
3.      
  , ,          
      
   - , -     
 
         
 ,   ,         
  
       
 , 
  
4.   - 
       ,      
 
       
 .., ,  , -     
 
 ,        
 
         
         -     
  
5.     
21
           
   
  ,         
 ( , , , )       

2
  ,       
  
      
,        
 
6.    
    ,  - -       
       
  , ,     
 
   ,    ,     
    
          
       
,      
 
7.    
 ,         
          
       
 ,        
   
       
  -          
    
8.     
    ,       
 
  ,       
 - ,        
2
  ,         
        ,     
 
      
         
 ,  :
   (NEP) 2020 , -,  -  '
 
- ,  ,       ' 
,      
        
NEP 2020            
 

 ,                 
      ,          -    
       ,     , 
   
   
    
;    
      
       :
"        - ,    -      "
-
5.         
:        
              
    
     - "    ?" -    
  :   '  ,    '    
2
            - 
  ,               
       
        ,    ,     
    
1.    
                
  , ,     '    
                , 
        '    
    :
1.   :
o        - , , ,
     -       
2.   -:
o            
         
   
3.   :
o            
   ,     
    
4.    :
o             
    -     
:
      ,       
    
     -      
 
2
 :
     "        "
        ,      
 '   
2.    
     '          
,             
; 
 , ,        ,  
          
    :
1.  :
o             
    ,      
   
2.   -  :
o    , -      
      
3.  :
o   ,          
   
4.    :
o           
,  ,
         ,    
    
:
            
       ,      

2
 :
              
-  
                
3.      

 
 

    -
   

 ,   
 
    
  

       
       
 

   
  
   
'   
 

, , - 
 ,  ,
 

      
       
  
  
4.      ?
            ,      
                 
      ,    
 :
           
       ( )    
               
    ( )
2
 ,      ( )  ,  
     ( )       
 
5.   
     :   
            
   ,            
      -     
    
 -              
             
  -       
                  
          ,    
   
6. 
                
  ,        
    
   -,  
  
    
     ,    
'  
             
  ,         ,  
               
 
2
6.    (1952-53)         
    
: -
1947      ,  ,      
             ,  
     ,          
     ,    1952  . . 
        
       ,    1953   
              
     
              
, -   
    
?
               
     ,         
     -  , -,       
      
              
 :
    
       
    
  ,           
    
1.    
            
         
  
?
2
          ,    
 ,   '          
       :
   
,     -  
        
 ,     
     ' ,
     
2.    
       '  
   ?
   
           
  ,            
           
   :
, , ,      
 ,          
    -     '  
3.     
        , ,    -
    
  :
, , ,     
,        
 ,        
   " "    
,        
2
4.   
          

?

    ' ,     -       
 
     :
    ,    ,  
   
 ,       
            
5.      
      -  ,     1947   
,      
 ,          :
    
     
      ' 
        ,   
             

   
    ,          :
1.   
                
             ' 

 ,            ,
               
2
2. -      
   -  ,    ,    
      :
  
  
  ,     

          
3.    ' 
        
     
         :
         
   
      
4.   
              :
  
 
     
               
    
5.  
     '         :
   
     
        
2

1952-53            
         -    
 - 
,               
 
     ,         
              
 
 ,        :
 (   ),
 (   ),
 ( '   ), 
 (    )
     ,          
    
 
-
7.          ?    (NPE) 1986
    
 ?
:    ""      ?
      '       ,     
         -    ,    , 
       
 
  , 
    , 
           
   
   
  ""  ,    
    -
        
   ,    
   ,            
:
         ?
  -      ?
2
-        ?
 ,         , ,  , 
          
    
     ,          ' 
:
1.   
   , ,     '   
            
2.  
           
            
 
3.  
          ,  
 -     
4.        -, ,
         
5.    
 , -, ,     
    
6.  
   ,  , ,     
      
 , 
           
,  
          
    (NPE) 1986     
    |
     '       ,  
              
(NPE), 1986 
2
     NPE 1986       '  
  
 1986  
              
   , 1986            ,
              
  :
     
     
 21
        
NPE 1986     
     NPE 1986        :
1.     
 1986              
  '            
          
2.      
  ,          '     
 ,          
 
3. - ' 
  -             ,
,   ,     -   -
   
 
4.  
 1986              
   ,  ,  ,    - 
     '  
5.    
2
    14             
              ,    
 
6.   '   
  -  ,       
             
     
7.    
NPE 1986             
   - ,  ,      
  
8.    
    '       ,    
      ,       
  ,        
9.    
               
,            
10.  
NPE 1986            
    ,        '      
             

  
       
    
   
      
            
 , 
  
,     
       (, , )   , 
     ?
2
 ,      ,        NPE 1986 
 (   )        :

     ?
  (,    , -)  ?

  (, , , )    ?
  ( )       
 ,    
 - , , ,  -      ,   
      

 ,              

      
        
, 1986,  ,  ,  ,     
        
 
   ,           

     ,         
       
NPE 1986           ,    
 
             
 
8.             
:󷆯󷆮-:    
   
  '     ,   -

 ,   ,           ,
   ,           
          
  -    
        
       , ,      
         -   ,   
     -           
2
    ,        
   
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬" "     ?
       
   
   
      :
    
  
    
   
   
    
,          ,   
     ,        
 
󷆰:   
    , ,    
    
   ,    :
   (    )
    
 -
  
      :
 
  (-    )
     
󷕘󷕙󷕚         
              :
2
1.  -     
         ,   
,            
   ' 
 
:    '          
  
:           
                 ,
         
2. -   
          ,      
   ,        
:  ,  ,      '  
 
:        - ,
 ,  ,      
3.      
             
, ,           
:             
  
    , - ,  ,  
   
4.     
               
           
:         ,       
,  ,           
2
   (RTE) , NEP 2020,       
 
5.      
   ,    -         -
     ,         
   
:        ,    
-    '   
6.     
        ,   
              
      
:   ,      
 
: , ,  ,        
   
7. ,    
       ,    ,  
    
:  -, , ,     
   
      
,  ,      
    
8.     
      
   
, ,      
:         ,  
    
2
,  ,            
9.       
     (   -  )  
     ,           
   
:        
 
:  , ,  -,  
-           
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤      
   (NEP) 2020         :
  ,  ,  ,   
  
 -       '   
        '  
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    
 --        :
    
 ,       
    
   
,   
         , 
    ,      ,     '
    
2
󼨐󼨑󼨒
     ,        
 -  
   ,             
            ,     
  '      
       :
  '  
  ' 
 -   
   
  , ,     
"               

       ,         "